Tajweed is the science of reciting the holy Quran properly and correctly as it was revealed to prophet Mohamed PBUH . Muslims must learn about Tajweed rules to read the holy Quran correctly. There are basic tajweed rules for beginners to learn about, as well as advanced tajweed rules that Muslims must know about to recite the holy Quran properly and in a good way. The Tajweed’s importance is that Muslims can recite the Quran with beautiful sounds like the popular reciter such as sheikh el Husary, sheikh Abdelbaset Abdel Samad, etc.
Tajweed Rules:
There are 12 rules of Tajweed that will discuss in this article with their examples and all the information that Muslim want to know about Tajweed rules .
1. Makhraj (Articulation Points)
Definition: Makhraj refers to the specific points of articulation for the various letters of Arabic. Good mastery of Mifaq is essential for correct pronunciation.
Example:
The letter ق (Qaf) is pronounced from the posterior of the throat, while ك (Kaf) is pronounced from the middle of the throat. Mixing these two up completely changes the meaning of the words.
Read also about : How to learn quran with tajweed at home in 7 steps
2. Sifaat (Characteristics of Letters)
Sifaat- The inherent qualities of letters that distinguish these letters from others. These include voiced, heavy, and light, among others.
Example:
An example to explain this is the letter ص (Sad), that is pronounced emphatically with strength, while س (Seen) is pronounced softly. The incorrect pronunciation of these can even alter the meanings of words. An example being “صبر” patience, “سبر” research or exploration.
3. Ghunnaharam Nasal Sound
Definition: Ghunnah is the nasal sound that, upon the occurrence of certain letters, is usually stretched for two counts.
Example:
In the word مَن (Man), the م (Meem) has a ghunnah. While reciting, it should be drawn slightly.
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Qalqalah-The Echoing Sound
Qalqalah: It is the name given to the bouncing of the letters while uttering them in a particular manner. The Qalqalah letters are ق (Qaf), ط (Ta), ب (Ba), ج (Jim), and د (Dal).
Example:
مَجْد, at the end of a word the letter ج (Jim) should have a qalqalah, meaning it should be pronounced with a slight bounce.
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Idgham (Merging)
Idgham literally means ‘to plunge into something and become one with it.’ Thus the discharging of one letter into another merely makes the transition smoother. Idgham is divided into two categories: complete – with ghunnah, and incomplete – without ghunnah.
Example:
Complete Idgham: في الجملة منْ (Min) followed by إله (Ilah), نnoon is merged into the الalf, making مِيلَه, M’ilah, with a ghunnah.
Broken Idgham: In the word يَاءٌ (Ya) followed by ت (Ta), it incorporates but without ghunnah, pronounced as يَات (Yat).
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Iqlab (Conversion)
Definition: The term Iqlab defines the change in pronunciation of a letter due to the presence of another letter. It happens with the letter ن (Noon) if that Noon is followed by hen a letter is pronounced not very clearly and usually this is after a ن (Noon) and ba ب (Ba).
Example:
Min Ba’ad means from after مِنبَعْد Minba’ad the ن (Noon) becomes a م (Meem) sound.
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Ikhfa – Concealment
Definition: When a ن with a sukoon comes before certain letters, it is pronounced with a nasal sound but not fully pronounced.
Example: In “مِنْ بَعْدِ” (Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:35), the “ن” is ikhfa before “ب.”
Read also about : What is the importance of tajweed in Quran ?
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Qasr (Shortening)
Definition: Qasr refers to the shortening of a vowel sound or a letter; this commonly happens when a letter is succeeded by another letter that alters its length.
Example:
In the word كَـتَبَ (Kataba), the َ (Fatha) is pronounced shortly. It is in contrast to a lengthened sound when pronounced without a following letter which causes the change.
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Lengthening (Madd)
Definition: Madd means making a vowel sound longer. It may be further divided into various types: Madd Lazim, Madd Jaiz, and Madd Mutasil.
Example:
Madd Lazim: In the word مَـا (Ma) followed by a مـ (Meem), the sound is lengthened considerably.
Madd Jaiz: In يَعْلَمُ (Ya’lamu), the sound of the vowel can be prolonged or not, which solely depends upon the preference of the reciter.
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Tashdeed (Gemination)
Definition: Tashdeed takes place when a letter is doubled. This has an effect on the length and strength of the sound.
Example:
مُّسْتَقِيم (Mus’taqeem): In this word, the م Meem takes emphasis with length due to the existence of tashdeed.
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Silah (Connection)
Definition: Silah is basically the method in which a few letters are connected upon recitation, such as in continuation or by a pause.
Example:
The two words in the phrase يَا أَيُّهَا (Ya Ayyuha) are joined together without any stop.
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Waqf (Pausing)
Definition: Waqf refers to the stops that occur at certain places while one recites the Quran, which can result in the variations of meanings of different Ayahs.
Example:
In the verse وَإِن كُنتُمْ في رَيْبٍ مِّمَّا نَزَّلْنَا (Wa In Kuntum Fi Raybin Mimma Nazzalna), pausing after “رايب” emphasizes the condition, making it clear.
Takeaway
In this article give summary of 12 rules of tajweed if you need to learn more you can enroll in our online class Learn Quran Recitation with Tajweed ,in this course will help you to recite the Quran with Tajweed rules through on-to-one personalized online sessions.